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  <front>
    <journal-meta id="journal-meta-d6541d5355694c4e8efe202d726db19b">
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Society for Upliftment of Rural Economy (SURE)</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Society for Upliftment of Rural Economy (SURE)</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="journal_submission_guidelines">http://jsure.org.in/</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of AgriSearch</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print"/>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta id="article-meta-f5e08d3a13b444859540bb941f5ac589">
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.21921/jas.v8i03.1672</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title id="article-title-f1dae1068eb64346a5865d8bd383409e">Evaluation of Management Modules against Hopper Complex in Mango</article-title>
        <alt-title alt-title-type="right-running-head">Management modules against Hopper Complex in Mango</alt-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name id="name-328b05dbc7f242f29cb235041604a955">
            <surname>Shanmugam</surname>
            <given-names>P S</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>psshanmugamk@yahoo.co.in</email>
          <xref id="xref-e8282017937a41d3800ab8706b3df601" rid="aff-9bfc66b4f56d47858d2cd8c0fde83cfb" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name id="name-c4031f973dba4e0cb600754989e835e5">
            <surname>Indhumathi</surname>
            <given-names>K</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref id="xref-b486d8f62a384668bb6eb15c63f16eca" rid="aff-9645900d0a8c4d83ad93b68ed67490f5" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name id="name-fa075e8d7d774218a30230c67185f7d4">
            <surname>Sangeetha</surname>
            <given-names>M</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref id="xref-37bce11a4f304876a4a7c3d33c60810a" rid="aff-e9a74a5ff8f240d485fa6e4d5025402e" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff-9bfc66b4f56d47858d2cd8c0fde83cfb">
          <institution>Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff-9645900d0a8c4d83ad93b68ed67490f5">
          <institution>Horticultural College &amp; Research Institute for Women, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tiruchirappalli 620 027, Tamil Nadu, India</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff-e9a74a5ff8f240d485fa6e4d5025402e">
          <institution>ICAR - Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Dharmapuri 636 809, Tamil Nadu, India</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>5</day>
        <month>9</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>260</fpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>6</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>8</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract id="abstract-abstract-title-48a3c8e8ec9e4a5492b2b66ca2d20734">
        <title id="abstract-title-48a3c8e8ec9e4a5492b2b66ca2d20734">Abstract</title>
        <p id="paragraph-43aeaa4583d447d190617360b83ac447">Among the insect pests causing damage to mango the incidence of hoppers at flowering stage causes considerable yield loss. The farmers mainly rely on combination of chemical insecticides for its management which apart from causing unwarranted issues reduces the chance of export of choice varieties and value products. In this context management modules <italic id="emphasis-1">viz., </italic> spraying of <italic id="emphasis-2">Metarhizium anisopliae </italic>(1x10<sup id="superscript-1">9</sup> cfu/ml)<italic id="emphasis-3"> </italic>@ 2 ml/l (M1), azadirachtin 1500ppm @ 4ml/l (M2) and farmers practice of application imidacloprid @ 0.5 ml/l (or other insecticides) (FP) were evaluated through on farm trails in farmers’ fields at Dharmapuri district. The mean hopper population / panicle after the first spray in the <italic id="emphasis-4">M. anisopliae </italic> (M1), zzadirachtin 1500 ppm(M2) and farmers practice (FP) recorded were 16.43, 17.90 and 8.95 respectively. The mean hopper population / panicle after second spray in the <italic id="emphasis-5">M. anisopliae </italic> (M1), azadirachtin 1500ppm (M2), farmers practice (FP) and control were 14.36, 16.12, 7.07 and 26.57, respectively. The percentage reduction over control in farmers practice was 73.39 per cent which was superior than the other management modules. The application of <italic id="emphasis-6">M. anisopliae </italic> (M1), azadirachtin 1500ppm (M2) recorded 45.95 and 39.33 per cent reduction of hopper population than the control. The application of <italic id="emphasis-7">M. anisopliae </italic>(M1) and azadirachtin 1500ppm (M2) recorded 53.8 q/ha and 52.6q/ha with a benefit cost ratio of 1.51 and 1.37, respectively. Based on benefit cost ratio the order of efficacy of different management modules were imidacloprid 17.8SL (FP) &gt; <italic id="emphasis-8">M. anisopliae </italic> (M1) &gt; azadirachtin 1500ppm (M2). </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group id="kwd-group-2dbfb0d8679d48aab2be808d53e51cae">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Mango</kwd>
        <kwd>hoppers</kwd>
        <kwd>Metarhizium anisopliae</kwd>
        <kwd>azadirachtin</kwd>
        <kwd>imidacloprid</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
