Integration of Stale Seedbed with Herbicides for Weed Management in Jute (Corchorus olitorius) and their Impact on Soil Microbes
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in split-plot design with five main plot treatments comprised of conventional method of sowing, stale seed bed (SSB) for 20 days followed by (fb) pyrozosulfuron ethyl @ 60g/ha, SSB fb imazethapyr @100ml/ha, SSB fb glyphosate @ 1.25 kg/ha % (NH4)2 SO4 and SSB fb glyphosate @2.5 kg/ha +2% (NH4)2 SO4 superimposed with three sub-plot treatments of jute sown at 0, 5 and 15 days after herbicides application replicated thrice during 2010-11 and 2011-12.Stale seedbed (SSB) followed (fb) either glyphosate @1.25 or 2.5kg/ha or pyrozosulfuron ethyl @60g/ha or imazethapyr @100 ml/ha significantly reduced the Cyperus, broad leaved weeds (BLW) and grass weed. SSB fb glyphosate @1.25 and 2.50 kg/ha did not show jute seedling mortality even crop sown same day after application of herbicides). Imazathapyr @100g/ha and pyrozosulfuron ethyl @60 g/ha recorded seedling mortality up to 75-90% when jute crop was sown at 0, 5 and 15 days after application. SSB with glyphosate @1.25 and 2.50 kg/ha resulted in significantly higher jute seed yield (11 q/ha) compared to others.
References
Allen ON. 1953. Experiments in soil bacteriology. 2nd ed. Minneapolis (MN): Burges Pub. Co. p. 127.
Bariuan JV, Reddy KN and Wills GD. 1999. Glyphosate injury, rain fastness,absorption and translocation in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Weed Technology 13: 112-19.
Caldwell B and Mohler CL. 2001. Stale seedbed practices for vegetable production. HortScience 36: 703-05.
Dong-Mei, Z Yu-Jun, W Long C, Xiu-Zhen H and Xiao-San L. 2004. Adsorption and cosorption of cadmium and glyphosate on two soils with different characteristics. Chemosphere 57: 1237-44.
Ghorai AK, Choudhary H, Kumar M and Kumar S. 2013a.
Technology for Weed management in jute. Indian Farming Sep. 63 (6) 12-4.
Ghorai AK, Rajib De and Chowdhury H, Majumdar B, Chakraborty A and Kumar M. 2013b. Integrated management of weeds in raw jute. Indian Journal of Weed Science 45(1): 47-50.
Giesy JP, Dobson S and Solomon KR. 2000. Ecotoxicogical risk assessment for Roundup® herbicide. Review. Archive of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 167: 35-120.
Gomez AK and Gomez AA. 1984. Statistical procedures for agriculturalresearch. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Wiley Inter science.
Grichar WJ and Sestak DC. 2000. Effect of adjuvants on control of nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus) by imazapic and imazethapyr. Crop protection 19: 461-5.
Heatherly LG, Wesley RA, Elmore CD and Spurlock SR.1993. Net returns from stale seedbed plantings of soybean (Glycine max) on clay soil. Weed Technology 7: 972-80.
Kumar M, Das TK and Yaduraju NT. 2012. An integrated approach for management of Cyperus rotundus (Purple nut sedge) in soybean–wheat cropping system. Crop Protection 33: 74-81.
Kumar M, Ghorai AK, Singh SR, Majumdar B and Kundu DK. 2013. Integration of stale seed bed and herbicides to control the Cyperus rotundus and their effects on soil mocrobes in jute. (In) abstract first international conference on “Bio-resource and stress management” held on 6-9th February 2013 Kolkata, pp. 318.
Kumar P, Singh O and Ahlawat IPS. 2014. Influence of different tillage and herbicide management on weed dynamics and wheat productivity under rice-wheat cropping system. Journal of AgriSearch 1(2): 80-5.
Martin JP. 1950. Use of acid, rose bengal, and streptomycinin the plate method for measuring soil fungi. Soil Science 69:215.
Milberg P, Andersson L and Noronha A. 1996. Seed germination after short-duration light exposure: implications for the photo-control of weeds. Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 1469-78.
Mohler CL. 2001. Mechanical management of weeds. In: Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds (eds M Liebman, CL Mohler & CP Staver), pp 139–209. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Nelson KA and Renner KA. 2002. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control andtuber production with glyphosate and ALS inhibiting herbicides. Weed Technology 16: 512-9.
Oliver LR, Klingaman TE, McClelland M and Bozsa RC. 1993. Herbicide systems in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max) production. Weed Technology 7: 816-23.
Parmer D and Schmidt EL. 1966. Experimental Soil Microbiology. Burges Publication Company, Minneapolis. Minn., USA.
Piccolo A, Celano G and Pietramellara G. 1992. Adsorption of the herbicide glyphosate on a metal-humic acid complex. Science of the Total Environment 123: 77-82.
Rasmussen IA. 2004. The effect of sowing date, stale seedbed, row width and mechanical weed control on weeds and yields of organic winter wheat. Weed Research. 44: 12-20.
Riemens MM, Widge RVD, Bleeker PO and Lotz L. 2007. Effect of stale seedbed preaparations and subsequent weed control in lettuce on weed densities. Weed Research 47: 149-56.
Stougaard RN, Shwa PJ, Martin AR. 1990. Effect of soil type and pH onadsorption, mobility, and efficacy of imazaquin and imazethapyr. Weed Science 38:67-73.
Sukul P. 2006. Enzymatic activities and microbial biomass in soil as influenced by metalaxyl residues. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 320-6.
Vischetti C, Casucci C and Perucci P. 2002. Relationship between changes of soil microbial biomass content and imazamox and benfluralin degradation. Biology and Fertility of Soils 35: 13-7
